It is also known as degenerative joint disease, which occurs when the cartilage in the joint deteriorates due to wear and tear. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that protects the joints and bones. When it deteriorates, the bones in the knee joint start to rub against one another, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling. This chronic condition, common in older adults, progresses slowly, and its intensity can vary from person to person. Approximately 46% of people will develop knee osteoarthritis during their lifetime.
Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis
- Knee pain that worsens with activity
- Joint stiffness and swelling
- Pain after prolonged sitting or resting
- Cracking or grinding sound during movement
- Warmth or redness in the knee
- Joint deformity
Causes of Knee Osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis can be classified as either primary or secondary:
- Primary osteoarthritis occurs due to cartilage degeneration without a known cause, often linked to aging or wear and tear.
- Secondary osteoarthritis results from known causes such as obesity, joint instability, previous injuries, congenital defects, or underlying medical conditions like rickets.
Risk Factors
Age is the primary risk factor, but other factors include:
- Increased body weight, which places added pressure on the knees
- Heredity and genetic abnormalities in bone structure
- Gender, with women over 55 being more susceptible
- Repetitive stress injuries from activities like kneeling or heavy lifting
- Certain sports like soccer and running
- Underlying conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or metabolic disorders
Diagnosis and Treatment
It involves a physical exam, X-rays, and sometimes an MRI. The treatment plan focuses on relieving pain and restoring mobility through weight loss, exercise, pain relievers, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy. In severe cases, surgical options like arthroscopy, osteotomy, or joint replacement may be recommended.
Prevention and Exercises
Maintaining a healthy weight, reducing stress on the knees, and performing low-impact exercises can help prevent knee osteoarthritis. Exercises like clamshells, bridging, and leg raises, along with the RICE formula (rest, ice, compress, elevate), can also reduce knee pain.
Knee osteoarthritis is a common condition that causes pain and stiffness. While it cannot be fully prevented, early diagnosis and treatment, including lifestyle changes, exercises, and medication, can manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Staying active and maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce the risk.
